Argument Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Examining Sampling Methods
… by Mayes (2015), the study examines the work of bioethicists Peter Singer and Dan Callahan in order to provide a critique of their arguments regarding obesity. The study defines their arguments as essentially that “obesity is not simply a clinical or personal issue but an ethical issue with social and political consequences” (Mayes, 2015, … obtaining consent forms or submitting to an IRB) are not evident in the study. Mayes (2015) presents a critique of two scholars’ recent arguments regarding obesity scholarship.
Thus, the sample in this study is the scholarly work of two bioethicists and the sample is selective in the … the study aims solely to evaluate the theses of the two bioethicists and explore the rationale for why the logic employed in their argument is faulty and contradictory.
Likewise, no sample frame is furnished, as the study is not actually a statistical sample of any group……
References
References
Mayes, C. (2015). The harm of bioethics: A critique of Singer and Callahan on obesity. Bioethics, 29(3), 217-221.
Pause, C. (2017). Borderline: The ethics of fat stigma in public health. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 45, 510-517.
Wetter, S., Hodge, J. (2016). Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages to lower childhood obesity. Ethical and Legal Issues in Pediatrics, 44, 359-363.
Study Document
Euthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide
… and can relish a dignified death rather than a painful one.
Importance
The topic is very important since there have been so many arguments for and against it given to the sensitivity of the topic and traditional moral beliefs on which it was condemned in the past … it given to the sensitivity of the topic and traditional moral beliefs on which it was condemned in the past but now several arguments have come forth finding counter arguments for the problems initially stated using the ethical frameworks and values.
Problems with Physician Assisted Suicide
Immoral Act
First and foremost, the act ……
References
References
Ackerman, F. N. (n.d.). \\\\\\'For Now Have I My Death\\\\\\': The \\\\\\'Duty To Die\\\\\\' VS The Duty To Help The I\\\\\\'ll Stay Alive . Physician Assisted Death , pp. 493-501.
Arras, J. D. (n.d.). Physician Assisted Suicide: A Tragic View. Physician Assisted Death, pp. 455-461.
Battin, M. P. (n.d.). Euthanasia: The Way We Do It and The Way They Do It: End-Of-Life Practices In The Developed World. Physician Assisted Suicide, pp. 467-481.
Brock, D. W. (n.d.). Voluntary Active Euthanasia . Physician assisted Death.
Hardwig, J. (n.d.). Is There a Duty To Die? Physician Assisted Death, pp. 483-493.
Study Document
Textual Reliability Of The New Testament
… contended that textual reliability of the New Testament is absent under close historical analysis,[footnoteRef:2] other scholars such as Michael Kruger have resisted the argument and shown that the New Testament contains textual integrity and reliability from start to finish.[footnoteRef:3] This paper argues that those who doubt the … Bart Ehrman, Jesus, Interrupted (HarperCollins ebook), 4-10.] [5: Michael Kruger, The Question of Canon (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press Academic, 2013), 25.]
The Arguments Against
Some of the main arguments against the textual reliability of the New Testament are 1) that the message it delivers is often contradictory, 2) the original books themselves … and therefore the New Testament became a way of creating a new religion and consolidating power into the hands of Church leaders. These arguments are facile at best and betray an antagonistic rather than an objective mindset.
The fact is that in terms of the kinds of……
References
Bibliography
Aland, Kurt and Barbara. The Text of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1987.
Comfort, Philip W. Encountering the Manuscripts: An Introduction to New Testament Paleography and Textual Criticism. Broadman and Holman, 2005.
Ehrman, Bart. Jesus, Interrupted. HarperCollins e-book.
Ehrman, Bart. “The Use and Significance of Patristic Evidence for NT Textual Criticism,” in Aland, Barbara, ed. New Testament Textual Criticism, Exegesis, and Early Church History. Kampen: Pharos, 1994.
Epp, Eldon J. and Gordon D. Fee. Studies and Documents: Studies in the Theory and Method of New Testament Textual Criticism. Eerdmans, 1993.
Green, Bradley. Shapers of Christian Orthodoxy. IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 2010.
Irenaus, “Against Heresies,” Gnosis.org. http://gnosis.org/library/advh1.htm
Kruger, Michael. Canon Revisited: Establishing the Origins and Authority of the New Testament. IL: Crossway, 2012.
Study Document
Intelligence Oversight Ethics
… wrong views on morality; 3) moral knowledge depends upon moral truth, so if there is no objective moral truth there is nothing (the argument of the moral nihilists); and 4) moral objectivism depends upon the idea of universal moral laws existing; however, there are also cultural norms … way to conclude that the status of morality can be wholly determined by moral objectivists, subjectivists or nihilists, which gives support to the argument by Bailey and Galich (2012) that multiple ethical systems are likely to be needed for each different intelligence agency. There are many points ……
References
References
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Brown, William F., and Americo R. Cinquegrana. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Cath. UL Rev. 35 (1985): 97.
Cantarella, Michele. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence ethics in the digital age.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2016).
Congressional Research Service, “CIA Ethics Education: Background and Perspectives” (2018).
Ferrari, Rachel. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Moral Relativism and Dangerous Ethical Dilemmas in the US Intelligence Community.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2018).
Ford, Christopher M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence Demands in a Democratic State: Congressional Intelligence Oversight.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Tul. L. Rev. 81 (2006): 721.
Goldman, Jan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Teaching About Intelligjence and Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Journal of US Intelligence Studies 20, no. 2 (2013): 79.
Hayes, Jonathan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Cinema of Oliver Stone: Art, Authorship and Activism by Ian
Study Document
Should Reparations Be Paid To Native Americans And African Americans
… in the United States have caused current economic disparities between racial groups so the call for reparations is quite justified and the various arguments in support and against reparations are examined further below.
Review and Analysis
Type of historical injustices that have caused economic disparities between racial … scheme represents a truly daunting ethical dilemma for 21st century policymakers as discussed further below.
The rationale in support of reparation payments
The arguments in support of reparations are based on the stark historical facts. People in the United States did in fact enslave millions of African ……
References
References
Bradford, W. (2004). Beyond reparations: An American Indian theory of justice. Ohio State Law Journal.
Flavin, F. E. (2002, Winter). A pox on Amherst: Smallpox, Sir Jeffery, and a town named Amherst. Historical Journal of Massachusetts, 30(1), 1-5.
Forrester, K. (2019). Reparations, history and the origins of global justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
Gilmore, B. & Adams, H. (2019). The case for a reparations clinic. Michigan State Law Review.
Howard-Hassmann, R. E. (2004). Reparations to Africa and the group of eminent persons. Cahiers d’étudesafricaines.
Lenzerini, F. (2007). Reparations for indigenous peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lockhart, P. (2019, June 19). The 2020 Democratic primary debate over reparations, explained. Vox. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2019/3/11/18246741/ reparations-democrats-2020-inequality-warren-harris-castro.
Loewen, J. W. (1995). Lies my teacher told me. New York: The New Press.
Study Document
Counterintelligence Issues Within The United States
… supported by all researchers, including Cohen (2016), who argues that there are no moral limits on military deception. Mattox (2002) makes the better argument for numerous reasons: first, he supports his argument with a moral framework that is justifiable based on long-term results, which Mattox (2002) calls the limitation of long-term negative effects. When deception … But when moral limits are off, as Cohen (2016) suggests should be the case, there is no foundation for future trust. Cohen’s (2016) argument fails because it is based on a zero sum game approach to statecraft: Cohen (2016) does not anticipate the reality of the very … and that goes back to the issue of whether ethical egoism is a sufficient moral framework for counterintelligence. Valentine (2016) makes the best argument for why it is not: the damage to American ideals, America’s reputation, American diplomacy and politics, and American culture is too……
References
Bibliography
2020-2022 National Counterintelligence Strategy of the United States. 2020. Washington, DC: National Counterintelligence and Security Center
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. 2012. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35 (2): 77-99.
Bernardi, Beatrice. 2013. "The Role of Intelligence in the Fight Against International Terrorism: Legal Profiles." Bachelor's thesis, Università Ca'Foscari Venezia.
Carson, Thomas L. 2010. Lying and Deception: Theory and Practice. Oxford University Press.
Cohen, Shlomo. 2016. "Are There Moral Limits to Military Deception?." Philosophia 44 (4): 1305-1318.
Coyne, John, Peter Bell, and Shannon Merrington. 2013. "Exploring ethics in intelligence and the role of leadership." Interntional Journal of Business and Commerce 2 (10): 27-37.
Erskine, Toni. 2004. "'As Rays of Light to the Human Soul'? Moral Agents and Intelligence Gathering." Intelligence & National Security 19 (2): 359-381.
Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. 2000. "Strategic denial and deception." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 13 (4): 424-437.
Study Document
Pro Death Penalty
Abstract
This essay assumes a pro death penalty stance. The arguments in favor of the death penalty include the following. First, the death penalty stems from ancient traditions that define American culture and society. … the first place through the deterrent effect. Third, the death penalty could save taxpayers a lot of money and reduce prison overcrowding, too. Arguments against the death penalty are valid but insufficient to withdraw from a pro death penalty position. For example, the death penalty is neither … not a sufficient reason to retain the death penalty. Many modern countries have in fact abolished the death penalty on various grounds. One argument is that the death penalty is cruel. In fact, some have even claimed that the death penalty is “cruel and unusual” and therefore … prison. Prison is not a good life, but repenting for one’s crimes in those final moments of life could……
References
References
ACLU (n.d.). The case against the death penalty. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/case-against-death-penalty
The Code of Hammurabi. Trans. By L.W. King. Retrieved from: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
“Top 10 Pro & Con Arguments,” (2016). ProCon. Retrieved from: https://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=002000
World Population Review (2019). Countries with death penalty 2019. Retrieved from: http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/countries-with-death-penalty/
Study Document
Sexual Morality
… that marriage between people of the same sex is morally defensible and should be legal. The same advocates have used the human rights argument to champion for the same and encourage it across the globe. Developing countries have, however, been widely opposed to the phenomenon. Various religious … have, however, been widely opposed to the phenomenon. Various religious groups have also vehemently opposed the practice in their communities and elsewhere. The argument is the same old stand that the practice is unnatural, immoral, and against God's design of things. This paper supports the thinking that … of what was originally meant. The misinterpretation is considered an elixir by the author. Same-sex marriage should not be packaged beautifully through the argument of the so-called fundamental rights, to convince the world to adopt it when the content is bitter and undesirable. It should, therefore, not ……
References
References
Akpan, C. O. (2017). The Morality of Same-Sex Marriage: How Not to Globalize a Cultural Anomie. Online Journal of Health Ethics, 13(1), 2.
Ellison, M. (2012). Is Same-Sex Marriage a \\\\\\"Must\\\\\\" or a \\\\\\"Bust\\\\\\"? In Making Love Just: Sexual Ethics for Perplexing Times (pp. 59-76). Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress. DOI:10.2307/j.ctt22nm74r.8
Koppelman, A. (2014). Judging the case against same-sex marriage. U. Ill. L. Rev., 431.
Millstein, S. (2014). How to argue for gay marriage and win any debate with a hater. Retrieved from https://www.bustle.com/articles/15957-how-to-argue-for-gay-marriage-and-win-any-debate-with-a-hater
Morini, M. (2017). Same-sex marriage and other moral taboos: cultural acceptances, change in American public opinion, and the evidence from the opinion polls. European Journal of American studies, 11(11-3).
Primoratz, I. (2013). Sexual Morality. In International Encyclopedia of Ethics, H. Lafollette (Ed.). DOI:10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee127
Rachels, J., &Rachels, S. (2012). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. (7th ed). New York: McGraw Hill Press.
Study Document
Evolving Public Interpretation Of Gentrification
...Argument Just like pornography, everyone seems to know \"gentrification\" when they see it. See a Starbucks or Whole Foods move into a neighborhood? That's gentrification. Find out that a house sold for an exorbitant amount or that rents at some building doubled? That's gentrification. See bike lanes added to your street, or a rack of bike-share bikes pop up near a busy corner? That's gentrification.
– Pete Saunders, 2017
Gentrification is one of the most controversial issues in American cities today. But as the epigraph above clearly indicates, it also remains one of the least understood. Few agree on how to define it or whether it is boon or curse for cities. Due in large part to this lack of definitional clarity, opinions about gentrification in the past have been largely shaped by the negative connotations and effects of gentrification that have been highlighted by the mainstream media. For instance, according……
References
Bibliography
Anderson, Elijah. 1990. Streetwise. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
Betancur, John J. “Gentrification in Latin America: Overview and Critical Analysis.” Urban Studies Research 37-41.
Berrey, Ellen C. 2005. Divided over diversity. City & Community 4 (2): 143-70
Black’s Law Dictionary. 1990. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.
Bostic, Raphael W., and Richard W. Martin. 2003. Black home-owners as a gentrifying force? Urban Studies 40 (12): 2427-49.
Brown-Saracino, Japonica. 2004. Social preservationists and the quest for authentic community. City & Community 3 (2): 135-56.
Brummet, Quentin, and Davin Reed. “The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being and Opportunity of Original Resident Adults and Children.” Working Paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia), 2019.
Capps, Kriston. “The Hidden Winners in Neighborhood Gentrification.” CityLab, July 22, 2019.
Study Document
Walmart And Starbucks Sustainability
… Thus, while this is a valuable and seminal piece of literature in the field, it is open to significant scrutiny and attack; its arguments are not fully-formed in the way that many pro-responsibility arguments have been vetted over the decades.
McWilliams and Siegel (2000) examine one of the core arguments in favor of CSR, and that is that it is profitable. This is important because both Starbucks and Walmart focus their sustainability efforts … in earlier, conflicting studies, that there is neutral impact on profitability of being responsible. This finding is interesting, because it brings back the argument that CSR is more of a choice than an imperative; it counters Friedman's arguments against CSR but also counters the arguments in favor of CSR.
Lindgreen and Swaen (2009) note that there are many reasons why a company chooses to behave as it does. … companies.
Campbell (2007) offers an institutional……
References
References
Aguilera, R, Rupp, D., Williams, C. & Ganapathi, J. (2005) Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multi-level theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review. (2005). Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/1768/TS_Aguilera.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Banerjee, S. (2008) Corporate social responsibility: the good, bad and the ugly. Critical Sociology. Vol. 34 (1)
Blowfield, M., Frynas, J. (2005) Editorial setting new agendas: Critical perspectives on corporate social responsibility in the developing world. International Affairs. Vol. 81 (3) 499-513.
Brammer, S., Jackson, G. & Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance. Socio-Economic Review. Vol. 10 (2012) 3-28.
Campbell, J. (2007) Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 32 (3) 946-967.
Epstein, E. (1987) The corporate social policy process: Beyond business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and corporate social responsiveness. California Management Review. Vol. 29 (3) 99.
Friedman, M. (1970) The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html
Heningway, C. & Maclagan, P. (2004) Managers' personal values as drivers of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 50 (1) 33-44.
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