Drug War Essays (Examples)
Study Document
War On Drugs
Fighting the drug war
What is the most significant problem facing the criminal justice system today? Why?
The fact that using recreational drug is illegal in the United States has always been controversial from a civil rights standpoint. But it is also controversial because of the … has had upon communities of color. Individuals of African-American and Latino ancestry are penalized at a rate far greater and more severely for drug crimes than their white counterparts—prosecutors are twice more likely to pursue a mandatory minimum sentence against individuals of color for drug crimes, and 80% of individuals in federal prison are either Black or Latino (“Race and the drug war,” 2018). Discrimination in the prosecution of the drug war has also had an indirect effect upon the electoral policy of the United States, given that one in 13 voters are denied their … in 13 voters are denied their right……
References
References
Race and the drug war. (2018). Drug Policy Alliance. Retrieved from: https://www.drugpolicy.org/issues/race-and-drug-war
Resing, C. (2018). Marijuana legalization is a racial justice issue. ACLU. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/blog/criminal-law-reform/drug-law-reform/marijuana-legalization- racial-justice-issue
Study Document
War On Drugs
war on drug Futile Failing and Nefariously Linked to the war on Terror
Effectiveness of the war on drug
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History of drug, cross-cultural perspective
1. Opium war
2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drug”
3. History of drug use in different societies
B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy.
C. Effects of the war on drug
1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities, families, and within individuals
… Balancing public health/safety with personal liberty/self-empowerment
B. Alternate strategies, pilot projects
1. Cannabis law reform
2. Psychedelics
IV. Discussion
V. Conclusions
A. The war on drug is a human rights issue.
B. The war on drug is illogical and empirically proven to be an illegitimate and ineffective strategy.
C. drug have been branded and arbitrarily classified as “socially……
References
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
FBI Drugs And WMDs
… that the FBI has engaged in to help prevent the proliferation of WMDs throughout the world. [2: Joseph Chinyong Liow, "The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges." Australian Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 2 (2004), 242.]
Literature Review
The Development of a Strategy
As … introduced the intensely broadened scope, especially with regards to homeland security.[footnoteRef:4] The origins of the strategy can ultimately be found in the Gulf war crisis of 1991, under the George H. Bush Administration—and its culmination was witnessed under his son, G. W. Bush’s Administration. Yet, as Mauroni … should be allied in the international community are becoming less open to working or collaborating with one another. Tensions are fueled by economic war (sanctions) and the walking away from treaties, such as recently took place between the U.S. and Russia with respect to the suspension of … people. Yet how easily it……
References
Bibliography
Arnold, Aaron and Daniel Salisbury, “The Long Arm,” Belfer Center, 2019. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/long-arm
Carter, Ashton B. "Overhauling counterproliferation." Technology in Society 26, no. 2-3 (2004): 257-269.
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. “Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Washington, D.C., 1999.
FBI. “COINTELPRO.” https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro
FBI Counterproliferation Center. “About.” https://www.fbi.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/national-security-branch/fbi-counterproliferation-center
Fischer, Rowena Rege. “Guide to the Study of Intelligence: Counterproliferation,” Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies 21, no. 1 (Winter 2014-15), 78-82.
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. "The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges." Australian Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 2 (2004): 241-256.
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah, Jaya Sanapati, Ramsin M. Benyamin, Sairam Atluri, Alan D. Kaye, and Joshua A. Hirsch. "Reframing the prevention strategies of the opioid crisis: focusing on prescription opioids, fentanyl, and heroin epidemic." Pain physician 21, no. 4 (2018): 309-326.
Study Document
Effectiveness Of The War On Drugs
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History of drug, cross-cultural perspective
1. Opium war (ACLU, 2020)
2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drug” (Pearl, 2018)
3. History of drug use in different societies (ACLU, 2020)
B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy (ACLU, 2020); Baumbauer, 2012).
C. Effects of the war on drug
1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities, families, and within individuals … 2016).
B. Government, public policy, global affairs (Coyne & Hall, 2017; Godlee & Hurley, 2016)
C. Criminalization, justice (ACLU, 2020; “America is At war,” n.d.; Farabee, Prendergast & Anglin, 1998).
D. Other sociological issues
1. Organized crime and terrorism (“America is at war,” n.d.; Coomber, Moyle, Belackova, V., et al., 2018; Pearl, 2018).
2. White collar crime (tobacco and pharmaceutical industries) (Netherland, & Hansen, 2017).
III. ………
References
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Violent Crime Control And Law Enforcement Act Of 1994
… bill and it was signed into law by the president of the time, Bill Clinton. The act served to allocate several billion dollars war hiring more law enforcement officials and expanding the nation’s prison systems. It was partially a reaction to horrifying criminal incidents during those years, … to the middle of ’70s decade; this corresponds with the growth in utilization of crack cocaine and heroin in the nation. The former drug was quick to become inner-city gangsters’ choice of drug for trading owing to its inexpensive production and selling price, high addiction, affordability and ease of transport. Although the growth in violent offenses … selling price, high addiction, affordability and ease of transport. Although the growth in violent offenses wasn’t essentially linked to those who consumed the drug themselves, it was linked to monetary and territorial clashes between different gangs involved in the US drug trade (The Establishment,……
References
References
Raymond Derrial Madden, Petitioner-appellant, v. United States of America, Respondent-appellee, 64 F.3d 669 (10th Cir. 1995)
Sepulveda v. United States, 69 F. Supp. 2d 633 (D.N.J. 1999)
United States of America, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Joanne Kwi Ye Estes, Defendant-appellant, 166 F.3d 1218 (9th Cir. 1998)
United States v. Madden, No. 92-6206 (10th Cir. Apr. 20, 1993), WL 332262 Books and article
Moore, R. (2017). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. Macat Library.
United States Congress. (1994). Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. Public law, (103-322).
Websites
The Establishment. (2016, April 12). About That Controversial 1994 Crime Bill. A Medium Corporation. Retrieved from https://medium.com/the-establishment/about-that-controversial-1994-crime-bill-c17ccfcc25fa
Study Document
Pablo Escobar
… of money away to social service organizations in Colombia. He was also an astute businessman who recognized trends and opportunities in the illicit drug trade. Yet Escobar was no hero; he was “violent” and “ruthless,” (“Pablo Escobar Crime Files,” 1) and was directly responsible for “terror campaigns … story been made into numerous television shows and films, such as the Netflix series Narcos. Escobar’s story reveals the inherent problem with the war on drug, and signals the need for change in international drug policy.
Escobar was born on December 1, 1949 in Rionegro, Antioquia. His father was a manager of a farm, and his mother was … Pablo’s godfather. Arbaláez had served as a United Nations delegate and was a “highly respected intellectual,” perhaps the first person to inspire Pablo war positions of power and leadership (Thompson.55). In fact, Arbaláez has been credited with inspiring the teenage Escobar to……
References
Works Cited
Kenney, Michael. “From Pablo to Osama: Counter-terrorism Lessons from the War on Drugs.” (2003). Survival, 45(3), 187–206. doi:10.1080/00396338.2003.9688585
“Pablo Escobar Biography.” Biography.com. Accessed 4 Dec, 2019 from https://www.biography.com/crime-figure/pablo-escobar
“Pablo Escobar Crime Files.” Crime and Investigation. Accessed 4 Dec, 2019 from https://www.crimeandinvestigation.co.uk/crime-files/pablo-escobar
Pobutsky, Aldona Bialowas. “Peddling Pablo: Escobar\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Cultural Renaissance.” Hispania, Vol. 96, No. 4, Dec 2013, pp. 684-689.
Thompson, D. P. (1996). Pablo Escobar, Drug Baron: His surrender, imprisonment, and escape. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 19(1), 1996: 55–91. doi:10.1080/10576109608435996
Study Document
The Rise Of The Opium Trade In Afghanistan Following The US Invasion
Evaluating a Counterterrorism Strategy
Introduction
One of the problems with the “war on terror” as first conceived in the wake of 9/11 was that it lacked objectivity and realism (Taddeo, 2010). The mission calculus was … US lacked an adequate iSTART framework going into its counterterrorism operation in Afghanistan, the result has been an extended, largely ineffective and costly war without end.
The iSTART Framework
The iSTART framework provides six principles for effective counterterrorism strategies. Ideology focuses on providing legitimacy for the counterterrorism … Taliban to stop protecting agents of al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and to deliver the leaders of the international terrorist organization to US forces. The war on terror that Bush called for, though, was like calling a war on coronavirus or even a war on crime—an impossible mission. Sickness and crime can be prevented to some degree but never eradicated completely because so long as human beings ………
References
References
Almukhtar, S. & Nordland, R. (2019). What Did the U.S. Get for $2 Trillion in Afghanistan? Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/09/world/middleeast/afghanistan-war-cost.html
Barno, D. (2007). The Other War: Counterinsurgency Strategy in Afghanistan 2003– 20. Military Review, 87(5), 32–44.
Barton, G. (2016). Out of the ashes of Afghanistan and Iraq: the rise and rise of Islamic State. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/out-of-the-ashes-of-afghanistan-and-iraq-the-rise-and-rise-of-islamic-state-55437
Felbab-Brown, V. (2017). Afghanistan’s opium production is through the roof—why Washington shouldn’t overreact. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/11/21/afghanistans-opium-production-is-through-the-roof-why-washington-shouldnt-overreact/
FM 3-24. (2014). Retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24.pdf
Hitz, F. P. (1999). Obscuring Propriety: The CIA and Drugs. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 12(4), 448-462.
IrishTimes. (2001). Britain freezes £61m of suspected Taliban assets. Retrieved from https://www.irishtimes.com/news/britain-freezes-61m-of-suspected-taliban-assets-1.398565
Kiras, J. D. (2002). Terrorism and Irregular Warfare, in John Baylis, James Wirtz, Eliot Cohen and Colin Gray eds., Strategy in the Contemporary World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 208–232.
Study Document
Teenage Health Vulnerabilities With Substance Abuse US
… effort that have been devoted to this issue over the past several decades. For instance, according to one authority, “We have been fighting drug abuse for almost a century. Four Presidents have personally waged war on drug. Unfortunately, it is a war that we are losing” (The United States war on drug, 2017).
This is not to say, however, that no progress has been achieved at all, but it is to say that changing public … of Human Services;
· Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
· National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;
· Office of Safe and drug-Free Schools; and,
· Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Youth.gov, 2019).
Taken together, this broad-based approach to addressing adolescence substance abuse represents … of precision in determining the true prevalence of substance abuse among American adolescents, the problem is widely regarded as being sufficiently serious to war action……
References
References
A public health-based approach. (2019). Rural Health. Retrieved from https://www.ruralhealth info.org/toolkits/substance-abuse/1/public-health-based-approach.
Barker, P. (2009). Psychiatric and mental health nursing: The craft of caring. London: Hodder Arnold.
Burrow-Sanchez, J. J. (2009, Summer). Understanding adolescent substance abuse: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84(3), 283-288.
Guy, X. & Slesnick, N. (2016, April). Changes in family relationships among substance abusing runaway adolescents: A comparison between family and individual therapies. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 42(2), 299-302.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2019). Principles of adolescent substance use disorder treatment: A research-based guide. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/ publications/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-treatment-research-based-guide/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-treatment.
Schwartz, R. C. & Smith, S. D. (2009, October). Screening and assessing adolescent substance abuse: A primer for counselors. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 24(1), 23-26.
The United States war on drugs. (2017 ). Stanford University. Retrieved from https://web. stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/paradox/htele.html.
Youth.gov. (2019). Substance abuse agencies. Retrieved from https://youth.gov/youth-topics/substance-abuse/prevalence-substance-use-abuse-and-dependence .
Study Document
Counterterrorism Strategy For The Next U S Presidential Administration
Introduction
One of the goals of the G. W. Bush Administration, which launched the war on Terrorism campaign, was to “end the state sponsorship of terrorism” (White House, 2003). The top goals of the Bush Administration, however, were … who end up joining a terrorist organization or who are already part of these groups (Freeman, 2018). Thus, we can continue to wage war against terrorists, but if we continue to supply, arm, train and facilitate individuals and groups who become terrorists all our counterterrorism efforts are … Numerous other high-profile terrorists have been killed including thousands of insurgents in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan and Pakistan (Nordland & Mashal, 2019).
Failures
The war in Afghanistan has not been a success. The Taliban is still in control and currently the U.S. is positioned to negotiate a withdrawal … been destabilized and is on the verge of joining Libya as a failed state. Much……
References
References
Bipartisan Policy Center. (2017). Defeating terrorists, not terrorism. Retrieved from https://bipartisanpolicy.org/report/counterterrorism-policy-from-911-to-isis/
Englehardt, T. (2018). America’s war on terror. Retrieved from https://www.thenation.com/article/americas-war-on-terror-has-cost-taxpayers-5-6-trillion/
Freeman, M. (2018). ISIS Is a US-Israeli Creation. Top Ten “Indications.” Retrieved from https://www.globalresearch.ca/isis-is-a-us-israeli-creation-top-ten-indications/5518627
Malzahn, S. M. (2002). State Sponsorship and Support of International Terrorism: Customary Norms of State Responsibility. Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev., 26, 83.
Nordland, R. & Mashal, M. (2019). U.S. and Taliban Edge Toward Deal to End America’s Longest War. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/26/world/asia/afghanistan-taliban-peace-deal.html
White House. (2003). National strategy for combating terrorism. Retrieved from https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2003/02/20030214-7.html
Study Document
The US Sentencing System Disparities And Discrimination
… a punishment based on the maximum and minimum sentences for the particular crime, as stipulated in the penal code. While all this sounds war, there have been many cases recorded of discrimination and disparity in sentencing (Spohn, 2008).
With regards to sentencing, a disparity exists in two … to receive harsher sentences than their white counterparts (Mauer, 2010).
Discrimination and disparities also exist in many jurisdictions with regards to how the “war on drug” is conducted. It is now well known that discrimination and disparities in how the war on drug is conducted have led to many persons of color being incarcerated. Discrimination can be seen in the fact that the war is focused on neighborhoods with African Americans and Latin Americans. This has resulted in the disproportionate increase of persons of color in detention … neighborhoods with African Americans and Latin Americans. This has resulted in the disproportionate……
References
References
Daly, K., & Tonry, M. (1997). Gender, Race, and Sentencing. Crime and Justice, 22, 201-252. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from www.jstor.org/stable/1147574
Farrell, A., Ward, G., & Rousseau, D. (2010). Intersections of gender and race in federal sentencing: examining court contexts and the effects of representative court authorities. Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice, 1, 85.
Hessick, C. B. (2010). Race and gender as explicit sentencing factors. Journal of Gender, Race, and Justice, 1, 127.
Mauer, M. (2010). Justice for all challenging racial disparities in the criminal justice system. Hum. Rts., 37, 14.
Smith, D. (2006). Narrowing Racial Disparities in Sentencing through a System of Mandatory Downward Departures. The Modern American, Summer 2006, 32–37.
Spohn, C. (2008). How do judges decide?: the search for fairness and justice in punishment. Sage Publications.
Yang, C. S. (2015). Free at last? Judicial discretion and racial disparities in federal sentencing. The Journal of Legal Studies, 44(1), 75-111.
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